Environmental Policy Uncertainty and Marketable Permit Systems: The Dutch Phosphate Quota Program

Tradable permits are generally considered as an efficient instrument to regulate pollution by individual producers. However, uncertainty about changes in or possible discontinuation of the program could make individual farmers reluctant to invest in tradable permits. This article uses the option approach to derive a theoretical model that shows the impact of policy uncertainty on investment in tradable quota. The empirical assessment provides weak evidence for the existence of option values due to policy uncertainty for phosphate quota in swine production in the Netherlands.     

Explaining Differences in Milk Quota Values: The Role of Economic Efficiency

This article explores the relationship between milk quota values and economic efficiency in order to analyze government interventions in quota allocations among producers. For this purpose, we estimate quota values using a panel of Spanish dairy farms. Quota values are then decomposed into economic efficiency, price, and scale effects in order to assess the relative influence of these factors. We find that efficiency is important in explaining quota values but is uncorrelated with observable farm characteristics. This casts doubts on the government's ability to allocate quotas to efficient farms.     

退耕还林工程成本补助:性质、结构及有效分担

阐明退耕还林工程的成本构成、补助性质和分担情况;对工程成本资金管理和运作责任主体不明确、补助成本结构设置不尽合理、退耕农户成本总体弥补不足的问题突出、地方政府在退耕还林中实际负担过多成本以及补助期偏短、配套基础建设进展缓慢、培育替代产业难度大等退耕还林工程成本补助管理及成本分担问题进行深入剖析;提出退耕还林工程成本有效分担的原则、财政职责在政府间的合理分配、保证退耕还林工程区地方政府正常工程管理工作运转的资金需要、兼顾效率原则和改进成本补助资金方法等创新退耕还林工程成本分担机制,优化政府间财政措施的建议。     

农业用地转化为建设用地的内在机制及驱动力研究

研究目的:研究分析农业用地转化为建设用地的内在机制和驱动力。研究方法:资源经济学、计量经济学的理论与方法。研究结果:土地利用收益的不同是土地用途转化的最直接驱动因素;新增建设用地仍然是拉动和促进国家及地方经济发展的主要动力;提出了应用税收等经济手段平衡农业用地与建设用地的措施对策。研究结论:为调控中国农业用地向建设用地转化、提高土地利用效益和促进节约集约利用土地等的政策制定提供科学理论依据。     

林业企业竞争力探讨

分析了我国林业企业的竞争环境,阐述了从产业生态角度提升林业企业竞争力的重要性,最后提出林业企业实施低成本和产品差别化战略,有利于培育其竞争力。     

我国公允价值会计计量的应用研究

随着我国市场经济发展以及我国会计与国际会计的接轨,对公允价值会计计量的研究也在逐渐兴起。新的会计准则对公允价值计量属性的再次引入,有必要对公允价值在我国的应用作深入细致的研究。笔者在探讨公允价值在我国会计准则中的应用现状的基础上,分析了存在的问题,并提出了相应的对策。     

林业类上市公司生物资产计量属性探讨——以永安林业为例

介绍了生物资产计量属性的国际惯例和中国生物资产的计量属性,在对生物资产计量属性进行比较的基础上,指出公允价值计量属性谨慎选择;阐述了中国林业类上市公司已经具备采用公允价值进行计量的条件,并以永安林业为例进行论证。     

Cost-Effective Targeting of Land Retirement to Improve Water Quality with Endogenous Sediment Deposition Coefficients

An integrated framework that combines spatial and biophysical attributes of land with a hydrological model and an economic model is developed to identify cropland for enrollment in the Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program. Sediment deposition coefficients are determined endogenously depending on the land-use decisions on other land parcels. Application of this framework to a watershed in Illinois demonstrates that highly sloping land adjacent to water bodies should be selected for retirement. A marginal value rental payment scheme can achieve program goals of 20% sediment abatement at 39% lower cost than a productivity-based rental scheme.     

最佳质量成本在渔业质量管理中的应用

本文阐述了最佳质量成本理论的基本观点,分析了渔业质量成本的构成,提出了应用HACCP管理降低渔业质量成本的建议。     

Forest Conservation in Costa Rica when Nonuse Benefits are Uncertain but Rising

Stochastic dynamic programming is used to investigate optimal holding of primary tropical forest in humid Costa Rica when future nonuse benefits of forest conservation are uncertain and increasing. The quasi-option value of maintaining primary forests is included as a component of investment in natural capital. Although the impact of uncertainty on conservation incentives is substantial, our results indicate that a rising trend in future benefits and compensation by the international community for beneficial spillovers are more important factors in determining optimal holdings of forest stocks. Without compensatory payments, however, further deforestation may be warranted.